Toyota

4Runner
The first 4Runners were introduced in 1984 as 1984.5 models. For this first year, all models were equipped with black fiberglass tops. An SR5 trim package was offered that upgraded the interior: additional gauges, better fabrics, and a rear seat were standard with the package. All 1984 models were equipped with the carbureted 2.4 L 22R engine and were all available with a 4WD system that drove the front wheels through a solid front axle (although this would be changed in 1986).

1985 saw the replacement of the 22-R with the fuel-injected 2.4 L 22R-E engine. Additionally, rear seats were available in all 1985 4Runner trim levels, not just the SR5.

In 1986, all Toyota pickup trucks (and the 4Runner) underwent a major design change as the suspension was changed from a solid front axle to an independent front suspension (IFS). This change made the trucks more driveable at highway speeds and increased the space in the engine compartment (necessary to fit larger motors, such as the V6 introduced in 1988) but arguably decreased the truck's off-road capabilities.

A turbocharged version of the 22R-E engine (the 22R-TE) was also introduced in 1986, although this engine is significantly rarer than the base 22R-E. Some of these turbocharged models (designated 4Runner SR5 Turbo) came equipped with digital dashboards and reinforced rear axles.

In 1988, the 22R-E engine was finally supplanted by an optional 3.0 L V6 engine, the 3VZ-FE. This engine was significantly larger than the original 4-cylinder offering and necessitated the IFS introduced in 1986.

Second generation (1990–1995) - The 1990 model year 4Runners represented a fundamental departure from the first-generation models. Instead of an enhanced pickup truck, the new 4Runners featured a freshly designed body mounted on an existing frame. The difference is easily seen when comparing pickups and 4Runners of similar vintage: a 1984 4Runner looks remarkably similar to a 1984 Toyota pickup, whereas a 1990 4Runner shares only subtle styling details with the 1990 pickup.

Third generation (1996–2002) - 1996 marked another significant redesign of the then-aging 4Runner. Whereas the transition to the second-generation 4Runner was one that kept the build quality and options roughly on par with the rest of the mid-size SUV market, the changes made in the third generation turned the 4Runner into a more luxury-oriented vehicle. This move paralleled the upgrades to the 1996 Nissan Pathfinder, but moved the 4Runner into a distinctly different class than its older competitors, the Ford Explorer, Chevrolet Blazer, and Isuzu Rodeo. The third generation 4Runner did, however, look very similar to the second-generation.

Fourth generation (2003–present) - The fourth-generation 4Runner incorporated serious changes to the truck chassis and body of the vehicle, but was targeted at approximately the same consumer as the third generation. The updated vehicle looks very different from the older 4Runners but is still targeted as a mid-size quasiluxury SUV.

Toyota Avalon
The Toyota Avalon is a full-size car produced by Toyota in the United States and Australia, originally based on the technology of the then-current Toyota Camry. It is produced only as a front wheel drive four door sedan.

The first Toyota Avalon rolled off the assembly line in Georgetown, Kentucky on September 13, 1994 as a 1995 model. A second-generation model was released in the United States and Japan in 1999.

The Australian Avalon is now in what Toyota calls its ‘Mark III’ phase, with a mild facelift for the 2004 model year, though it is based on the same car that was launched in the US in 1994. Toyota Australia ceased production of the Avalon in July 2005 and will now concentrate on releasing a vehicle larger than the Avalon in late 2006. This vehicle will compete with the Holden Commodore, and the Ford Falcon, both of which will have brand new models in 2006 or 2007.

Toyota Camry
The Toyota Camry is a popular midsize car manufactured by Toyota in Georgetown, Kentucky, USA; Australia; and Japan. The Camry name will be retired in 2007.

The Camry name was first launched in 1980 with the Toyota Celica Camry. The first model line independently named the Toyota Camry was launched in 1982 for the 1983 model year. It is primarly configured as a four door sedan but at different times has also been available as a five door hatchback, two door coupé, and a station wagon. An offshoot of the Camry, the Camry Solara, has been available as a coupé and a convertible.

The Camry underwent major redesign and upgrades in model years 1987, 1992 (1990 in Japan), 1997, and 2002.

Other than the original Celica Camry, the Toyota Camry has always been an FF layout vehicle. This means the engine is transversely mounted to drive the front wheels. Some models have been offered with all wheel drive.

The second and third-generation Camrys were rebadged to be sold as the Holden Apollo in Australia. The Holden equivalents were not successful even though they came from the same factory as the Camry. Since 2000, Daihatsu has sold a Camry twin named the Altis.

The name comes from the English phonetic of the japanese word "kan-muri," which means "crown."

Toyota Celica
The Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of popular sports cars made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is derived from the Spanish word for "heavenly" or "celestial".

Through all generations, Celicas have been built around Toyota's high-performance inline-4 engines. The most significant change between generations occurred in 1986, when the drive train was changed from rear wheel drive to front wheel drive. During the RWD generations, American market Celicas were powered by various versions of Toyota's SOHC 20R or 22R engines. During the FWD generations, top-model Celicas came with a turbocharger and most recently, variable valve timing. Through seven generations, the model has gone through many revisions and design forks, including the Toyota Celica Supra (later known as the Toyota Supra). Other versions include a four wheel drive turbocharged model (designated All Trac in the US or GT-4 in Japan and Europe, produced from 1988-1999), a hatchback

In racing, the Celica is known for its rally racing prowess. A special RWD variant was entered into the Japanese Grand Touring Championship, and a GT-4 competed in Group A Rally racing from the mid-1980s to the late 1990s. The GT-4 model was produced for the public in extremely limited numbers, and is considered a collector's item by some enthusiasts. In the street racing community, the Celica is a popular car due to its price and easily customizeable engine. The RWD Celicas were frequently used by street-based drag racers in the early 1980s.

1st Generation (1971-1977) - The first generation Celica was released to the market in 1971. Allegedly a "cut-down" version of Toyota's supercar, the 2000GT, the Celica was a relatively affordable sports car. The original Celica was equipped with a carbureted four-cylinder engine displacing 1.6 L. Available only in ST form and as a two-door sport coupe, the Celica was essentially Toyota's version of the Mustang - an image car rather than a high-volume car. The Celica sold well from the outset, its first major change or addition taking place in 1974 with the addition of the GT model. Introduction of the GT brought with it a 2.0 L engine that would, in various versions, power the Celica for the next 11 years.

2nd Generation (1978-1981) - The second generation Celica was released in 1978 (production began in late 1977), and was again available in both ST and GT trim levels. Power was provided by 2.2 L engines for both models. This new generation offered more safety, power and fuel economy than previous models, and was awarded Motor Trend's "Import Car of the Year" for 1978. In 1980, a four-door version was known as the Toyota Celica Camry. This model was a Toyota Carina with a Celica front end. The Camry was spun off into its own range two years later.

3rd Generation (1982-1985) - 1982 saw the introduction of the third generation Celica. Styling was changed considerably from previous models and power was now provided by a 2.4 L(22RE) engine.In Australia, Toyota decided to drop the 21R-C in the celica instead of the American and Japanese 22RE, as a result, the car only turned out a mere 67 kilowatts. In 1983, Toyota added the GT-S model to the Celica line to re-inject the sports image that Celica had lost as it grew larger and heavier with each subsequent model. The GT-S included larger wheels and tires, fender flares, independent rear suspension, a sports interior including special seats, and a leather-wrapped steering wheel and shifter knob.

4th Generation (1986-1989) - Chassis code:
ST, GT & GT-S : ST162
All-Trac/GT4 : ST165

For 1986, the Celica changed completely. It was an all-new vehicle with front wheel drive, a rounded, flowing body and new 2.0 L four-cylinder engines. The Celica was now available in ST, GT and GT-S trim, all available as either coupe or liftback models, with the GT being offered up in a soft-top convertible coupe as well. STs and GTs came with a SOHC 8 valve, 2.0 L, 92 hp engine (Engine Code 2S-E) from the Toyota Camry, but quickly changed to an all new DOHC 116 hp engine (3S-FE) for the 1987 model year, also shared with the Camry. The GT-S was given a 135 hp version of the DOHC 2.0 L engine (3S-GE) featuring T-VIS. Front wheel drive and four-wheel independent suspension made the Celica a great all-around sports car. In 1988, Toyota introduced the "ultimate Celica", the All-Trac Turbo or GT4. With full-time all wheel drive and a turbocharged version of the GT-S 2.0 L engine producing 190 hp (3S-GTE), it immediately took its place as the flagship of the Celica range, and became the official Toyota rally car for all years of production.

5th Generation (1990-1993) - The fifth generation Celica was introduced in 1990. The Celica received revised styling, upgraded wheels and tires, and a more powerful All-Trac. The GT and GT-S engines grew to 2.2 L, while the ST sported a 1.6 L - all were DOHC 16-valve. Anti-lock brakes were available on all models, as were numerous luxury items -- all of these were standard on the All-Trac model though. With its sport-style interior, power-operated driver's seat, and a sunroof included as standard equipment, the All-Trac/GT-Four was the most expensive Celica yet. With a 200 hp turbocharged engine, it was also one of the most powerful Celicas made thus far.

Despite the increased power of the All-Trac, the fifth generation is seen by many to be the weakest generation of Celicas. The revised styling resulted in a substantially increased curb weight, and the replacement of the 3S-GE with the Camry's 5S-FE hindered the performance of the GT-S: while the the 5S-FE had a larger displacement, the 3S-GE was the lighter and more powerful engine. Not only was the fifth generation GT-S slower than its immediate predecessor, it was also heavier than the GT. This resulted in the only generation where the Celica GT was faster than the Celica GT-S.

6th Generation (1994-1999) - For 1994, Toyota pulled out all the stops. The sixth-generation Celicas bore very little resemblance to their previous brethren. The Celica was only available in ST and GT trims in the US for the 1994 model year, but the addition of the optional "sports package" to the GT produced GT-S-like handling. Styling of the new Celicas was acclaimed by most publications as "Supra-esque" with four exposed headlights. Celicas were available in either coupe or liftback form, with the GT sports package available only on the liftback. New safety equipment in the form of driver and passenger-side airbags was standard, and anti-lock brakes were available on all models. Celicas also sported CFC-free air conditioning.

7th Generation (2000-2005) - In 2000, Toyota began production and sales of the 7th generation Celica. It closely resembled the XYR concept with the exception of the front bumper and rear spoiler. This Celica came in two trim levels, the GT powered by a 1.8 L 4-cylinder 140 hp 1ZZ engine and the GT-S powered by a 1.8 L 4-cylinder 180 hp 2ZZ engine co-developed with Yamaha. Both of these engines featured Toyota's signature VVTi (Variable Valve Timing with Intelligence) system, which continuously varied the camshaft timing. The GT-S had a more aggressive system called the VVTL-i (Variable Valve Timing with Lift and Intelligence) which would act as VVTi until 6200 rpm when the valves opened a fraction further and provided a 40 hp boost. The GT was available in both a 5-speed manual and 4-speed automatic and the GT-S was available with a close-ratio 6-speed manual and a 4-speed manumatic.

Toyota Corolla
The Toyota Corolla is a small family car/compact car produced by Toyota of Japan, known worldwide for its reliability, conventional engineering and quite low fuel consumption. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world. Toyota has made 28 million cars under the Corolla name since its launch in 1966 [1]. Corollas are currently manufactured in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, India, Pakistan, South Africa, Brazil, Turkey and Thailand.

The Corolla's chassis designation code is "E", as described in Toyota's chassis and engine codes.

A slightly upmarket version is called the Toyota Sprinter, sold in the Japanese home market. It was replaced in 2001 by the Toyota Allex. Over the years, there have been rebadged versions of the Corolla, including the 1980s’ Holden Nova of Australia, and the Sprinter-based Chevrolet Nova, Geo Prizm and Chevrolet Prizm of the United States. In Australia, the Corolla liftback (TE72) was at one point badged the T-18.

First Generation - KE-1x - Japan (1966-1969)

The Corolla was launched in Japan in October 1966. Eiji Toyoda, chairman of the company, said it worked hard to create popular demand, and disputes that Toyota rode a wave of private car ownership that was taking off in the mid-1960s.

The initial car, the KE1x series, was small, with a 90 in (2286 mm) wheelbase, and came in two- and four-door sedan (KE10 and KE11), two-door coupe (KE15), and three-door station wagon (KE16 and KE18) versions. Power came from either a 1.1 L (1077 cc/65 in³) OHV I4, the K, which produced 60 hp (45 kW), or the 1.2 L (1166 cc/71 in³) 3K in later models. A 4-speed manual transmission or 2 speed automatic transmission was available, and the car used rear wheel drive. The suspension in front was MacPherson struts supported by a transverse leaf spring beneath the engine crossmember, with leaf springs connected to a solid axle in back.

USA (1968-1970)

Toyota has been almost steadfast in facelifting each generation after two years, and replacing it with an all-new model every four years. Exports to the United States began in 1968 at about US$1,700, and the car has been popular since.

Second Generation - xE-2x - Japan (1969-1978)

The second-generation KE2x model , launched 1970, had "coke-bottle" styling. It had a longer 91.9 in (2334 mm) wheelbase, and used the 1.2 L (1166 cc/71 in³) 3K I4 which made 73 hp (54 kW). The front suspension design was improved greatly, using a swaybar, however the rear remained relatively the same. There was a two and four-door sedan (KE20) available, as well as a two-door coupe (KE25), and three-door wagon (KE26). The Corolla became the second-best selling car in the world that year.

The above models were available, as well as a hardtop coupe called the "SR-5". A 1.6 L (1588 cc/96 in³) 102 hp (76 kW) 2T engine came in 1971, quite impressive for the time, and the sporty SR5 (aka: Levin in Japan) was introduced in 1973. Corollas with this engine were designated TE21 or TE27.

Third Generation - xE-3x, xE-4x, xE-5x - Japan (1974-1981)

The third-generation Toyota Corolla, built from 1974–81 (worldwide versions) (KE3x/KE5x), marked Toyota's greatest growth in the United States in the wake of the fuel crisis. In addition to the Sprinter, there was a rebodied version built by Toyota affiliate Daihatsu, called the Daihatsu Charmant. While there were certain fourth-generation models with a longer model life, this generation, when considered as a whole, was the longest-lived one, possibly due to the worldwide recession in the 1970s.

USA (1974-1979)

Road & Track was critical of the 1975 Corolla, calling it "large and heavy" and "expensive" compared to the Honda Civic and Datsun B210. They also criticized the "relatively crude rear suspension" and lack of interior space and poor fuel economy when compared to the VW Rabbit. The base model cost US$2,711 in 1975, but one needed to step up to the $2,989 "deluxe" to get features comparable to the contemporary pack.

Fourth generation - xE-7x - 1980 - The fourth-generation model (Ke70) released in 1979 in Japan, was a boxy, rear-wheel-drive offering. Although most of the fourth generation was replaced by 1984, the station wagon and van versions soldiered on into 1987. Equally, there was a Daihatsu Charmant variant. The car were also avaliable in coupe versions (TE71 and TE72).

Fifth generation - xE-8x - 1984 - The fifth generation (AE8x) is generally regarded as the finest Corolla when measured against its contemporaries and some 3.3 million units were produced. This model, from 1984, moved the Corolla four- and five-door sedans into front wheel drive, but the two-door coupe (AE85 and AE86) continued on the older rear wheel drive platform, along with the three-door "liftback" (TE72), three-door van (KE70) and five-door wagon (KE70) of the previous generation, that were still being produced.

The front-wheel-drive wheelbase was now 95.6 in (2428 mm).

It was the first Corolla to top the New Zealand top-10 lists, ending Ford's dominance of that market. A "short" hatchback range, called the Corolla FX in Japan and the Corolla Compact in Germany, arrived in 1984, on the front-wheel-drive platform. The three- and five-door hatchbacks resembled the Corolla sedan with a truncated boot. Although there was a five-door liftback model of the basic Corolla, the FX-based hatchback was sold alongside it. The five-door liftback was sold with the Corolla Seca name in Australia and the nameplate survived on successive five-door models.

Sixth generation - xE-9x - 1988 - All Corollas were front-drive for 1988, with production beginning in May 1987. The Geo Prizm shared a slightly different body with the Japan-market Sprinter. The all wheel drive Sprinter Carib wagon used a solid axle rear suspension with coil springs, while the rest used struts all around. It was sold from 1988 to 1994 and had different bodywork to other Corollas. It was called the All-Trac in the US and sold with the Tercel or Corolla name in some countries.

Seventh generation - xE-10x - 1991 - The next Corolla (AE10X) was larger, heavier, and more expensive, with development chief Dr Akihiko Saito wanting to develop a 'mini-Lexus', after success with that range's flagship. With its 97 in (2465 mm) wheelbase, the Corolla had moved into the compact size class once occupied by the Toyota Corona and Camry. This model appeared in 1991 in Japan, and 1993 in North America.

It was available as a three-, four- and five-door sedan and a five-door station wagon. Sprinters were available as a four- or five-door sedan, including a four-door hardtop called the Sprinter Marino (only for this generation). The Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno were sold as two-door coupés. The US-market Geo Prizm was sold as a four-door sedan.

Eighth Generation - xE-11x - Japan (1995-1999)

The eighth generation (AE110/ZZE110), which shared its platform (and doors, on some models) with its predecessor, was introduced in May 1995, 1998 in Europe and North America. Due to recession, Toyota ordered that Corolla development chief Takayasu Honda cuts costs, hence the carryover engineering.

The Japanese has a version called the "Corolla GT" which is a 4-door, 165hp, 6-speed sedan.

This marked the beginning of the end of the Sprinter. The Sprinter Trueno coupé range was carried over with a facelift, while the Wagon was identical to the Corolla.

USA (1998-2002)

All North American Corollas were now built in California (by NUMMI) or Canada (by TMMC). A new all-aluminum engine powered all Corollas, making every car lighter than its predecessor. In the US market, only sedans were offered. VVT-i variable valve timing was added to the engine for 2000.

The US-market 2001 Toyota Corolla has a maximum legal carrying capacity of 850lbs.

Europe (1996-2001)

A European range had different front and rear ends (this was sold in Australia and New Zealand, too), to appeal to customers there. As a result, a sporting model with a six-speed gearbox was offered. In 1997, the Corolla Spacio, with its body panels stamped at long-time Toyota supplier Kanto Autoworks, was introduced as a two-box minivan version and sold as the Corolla Verso in Europe and the Toyota Verso in New Zealand.

Ninth generation - xE-12x - 2000 - The ninth-generation Corolla (AE120/ZZE120) appeared in August 2000 with edgier styling and a longer 102.4 in (2600 mm) wheelbase. It is built on a shortened Toyota Vista platform—the Vista being a mid-sized, rather than compact, car. Like the Vista, the Corolla's width is limited to 67 in (1700 mm), to avoid being in a higher tax bracket in Japan, although most of its European rivals are now wider. This model made it to the United States in 2002.

The torsion bar suspension and drum brakes in the rear are anachronisms, however. The sporty XRS model, introduced for 2004, features the high-revving 170 hp (127 kW) 127 ft·lbf (172 N·m) 2ZZ-GE engine and 6 speed manual from the Toyota Celica GT-S and Lotus Elise.

The station wagon model is called the Toyota Corolla Fielder in Japan, and the five-door the Toyota Corolla Runx and Toyota Allex, launching in 2001.

Toyota Highlander
The Toyota Kluger (called Highlander outside Japan and Australia) is a model of SUV assembled by the Toyota Motor Corporation under the Toyota brand name. It uses Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive technology.

The Kluger shares the Toyota Camry platform with its Lexus RX/Toyota Harrier cousin and comes in 5- and 7-seater configuration.

Engines:

* 2001-2005 2.4 L 2AZ-FE I4, 160 hp (119 kW)
* 2001-2003 3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6, 220 hp (164 kW)
* 2004-2005 3.3 L 3MZ-FE V6, 230 hp (172 kW)

Drive is transmitted to all four wheels (US market some two wheel drives sold) through a five speed automatic transmission. Base models are equipped with a limited slip differential with an electronically controlled stability and braking control providing slip control for more expensive derivatives.

Typical fuel economy using the Australian standard testing regime is 12.3l/100km

Initially, the Kluger/Highlander was a regular SUV driven by an internal combustion engine, but later Toyota introduced a hybrid version, the Kluger Hybrid. The Highlander Hybrid was unveiled at the 2004 North American International Auto Show. Toyota began offering the Highlander Hybrid to the public in July 2005 (with a model year of 2006).

The Highlander Hybrid is priced starting at US$33,030, or US$8,750 more than the base price of the regular Highlander. This price includes additional equipment beyond just the hybrid drive mechanism. A Limited model starts at US$37,890. All wheel drive adds US$1,400 to the price of either the standard or limited edition.

The hybrid model of the car uses Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive technology.

Toyota Land Cruiser
The Toyota Land Cruiser is a series of popular four wheel drive automobiles from the Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan. Originally, they were strictly utility vehicles, but they now are available as SUVs. The Land Cruiser is widely used around the world in areas which require durability, reliability and off road performance.

Its widespread use as the transport of choice for militia units and irregular forces in the third world have served as a testament to their reliability and toughness.

Created as a competitor to other off-road vehicles such as the Land Rover and the Jeep, in many places the Land Cruiser is ubiquitous and has almost eliminated other 4WD vehicles from the market.

Design of the Land Cruiser began in 1950, and production began in 1953. The Land Cruiser has been produced in a number of different versions, including successful flat bed pickup trucks predominantly used as Technicals.

In many places, the term Land Cruiser has almost become a generic term for an off-road vehicle.

Toyota designer Kazuo Morohoshi interviewed in the South African Car magazine explained the background to the birth of the Land Cruiser. "Growing up after the war, I was really impressed by the US Army personnel's Jeeps... and how they could climb up and over obstacles. We have many classic shrines with stairs leading up to them, and these cars simply climbed up those steps. I decided that one day I would make a similar kind of 'mobile', something more like an animal or insect than a car, which could do even better".

Toyota Matrix
The Toyota Matrix is a car manufactured by Toyota in Cambridge, Ontario and sold in the United States and Canada.

The Matrix is the Toyota version of a joint venture between Toyota and General Motors; the GM version is the Pontiac Vibe. A third version was sold in Japan from 2002 to early 2004: the Toyota Voltz. Although the Voltz was sold under the Toyota brand there, the styling was nearly identical to the Vibe. It has since been discontinued.

Both the Matrix and the Vibe are identical mechanically and practically identical internally, but they are clothed in different sheet metal to look somewhat different. Both vehicles are small but tall station wagons styled in a trendy, quasi-SUV fashion (termed a crossover utility vehicle or CUV by Toyota) and marketed to a fairly youthful market segment. This type of car is often referred to as a sport wagon. They were introduced in the 2003 model year and based on the Toyota Corolla platform.

Two 1.8 litre engines are offered in the Matrix: the economical 1ZZ-FE, borrowed from the Corolla, which produces 130 hp, and the performance-oriented 2ZZ-GE borrowed from the Toyota Celica GT-S, which produces 173 (previously 180) hp. The 2ZZ-GE utilizes a dual camshaft profile system, similar to Honda's VTEC, known as 'lift' to produce the added power without an increase in displacement or forced induction compared to the lesser engine.

Toyota MR2
The Toyota MR2 is a two-seat, mid-engined, rear wheel drive sportscar produced by Toyota from 1984 to 2005. The latest version is called the Toyota MR-S in Japan, the Toyota MR2 Spyder in the United States, and the Toyota MR2 Roadster in Europe.

SA-X/SV-3, 1979~1983 -
Toyota made its SV-3 concept car public in the Autumn of 1983 at the Tokyo Motorshow, gathering a huge amount of publicity both from the press and the audience. The car, scheduled to be launched in spring 1984 in the Japanese market under the name MR2 (initially standing for "Midship Runabout, 2-seater" but later claimed to be "Mid-engine, Rear-wheel drive, 2-seater") was to become the first mass-produced mid-engined car to come from a Japanese manufacturer.

AW10/AW11, 1984~1989 -
The small and light MR2, model AW11, was perhaps something no one had expected from any of the Japanese car manufacturers, known for their economical and practical cars. The two-seat MR2 was definitely not practical as a family car, but the design criteria were different from that of most previous cars. The most important features of the AW11 were its light body, superior handling and relatively powerful small-displacement engine. Thanks to these features, the AW11 is very enjoyable to drive. Its behavior mimics that of highly expensive supercars, it is easy to control and nimble in its movements. Toyota's cooperation with Lotus during the prototype phase can be seen in the AW11, and it owes much to Lotus's legendary sportscars of the 1960s and 1970s.

SW20, 1990~1999 - The MR2 went through a complete renewal in 1989, when the new mk2 body was produced. The new MR2, model SW20 (In America their chassis codes were SW21 for the turbo model and SW22 for the non-tubo model), was longer, wider and heavier than its predecessor and had smoother bodylines. The wild and futuristically styled earlier model, comparable to a big go-kart, had evolved into a more mature and adult look and feel. While the AW11 was a pure sportscar, made in the spirit of Lotus, the SW20, being quite larger, could be classed as a GT-car. Since the resemblance between the Ferrari 348tb and the Ferrari F355 and the new MR2 is quite striking, the SW20 can sometimes be heard to be referred as a "poor man's Ferrari".

SW20 TRD2000GT -
In 1998, Toyota Racing Development [1] offered an official kit body conversion and tuning programme for Japanese Domestic Market (JDM) owners to transform their existing SW20 MR2 into a widebody TRD2000GT kit replica car. This was to pay homage to the wins by their TRD2000GTs in the GT-C Japanese racing series, the TRD2000GT racing series cars where based on the SW20 floorpan. Toyota also did the same with their Supra Twin Turbo model, offering a conversion service to transform these cars into a TRD3000GT[2].

ZZW30, 1999~ - After having been in the market for almost ten years, SW20 had to move aside as Toyota released the new MR2 mk3, model ZZW30. The new MR2 was, in a way, return to the design concept of AW11 since the weight of the car was once again dropped below a metric ton and it was significantly smaller than the SW20. The biggest change was, however, the replacement of either the solid or targa top with a convertible soft top, earning the car the 'Spyder' designation. In Japan, the car is called the MR-S, which purportedly is derived from the forementioned designation. Toyota changed the USDM name to MR2 Spyder reportedly because the idea of a car with the nickname of "Mrs." would sound funny.

Toyota Paseo
The Toyota Paseo (known as Cynos in Japan) was released in 1991 and was loosely based off of the Toyota Tercel. It was available as a coupe and in later models as a convertible. Toyota stopped selling the car in the United States in 1997, however the car continued to be sold in Europe and Japan until 1999.

1st generation - The first generation of the Paseo was made from 1992 to 1995. Based off of the Tercel powertrain, the Paseo featured a 1.5 L 4 cylinder engine. In most places, the Paseo was equipped with 100 horsepower (75 kW) and 91 lbf·ft (123 Nm) of torque. In California and other states with California level emissions standards, it came equipped with 93 horsepower (69 kW) and 100 lbf·ft (136 Nm) of torque. It was offered with either a 5 speed manual transmission and a 4 speed automatic transmission.

2nd generation - The second generation of the Paseo was introduced in 1996. Apart from some modernizing in the engine electronics, the only noticeable change was in body stylings. In 1997, a convertible model was introduced. However, this was the last year the Paseo was sold in the United States. Toyota stopped selling the Paseo completely in 1999. In order to reduce emissions levels, the second generation Paseo was equipped with 93 horsepower (69 kW) and 100 lbf·ft (136 Nm).

Toyota Previa
The Toyota Previa is a minivan produced by Toyota Motor Corporation since 1990 and sold in two generations so far. It is the export version of the Toyota Estima minivan made for the Japanese market, and is sold in Australia as the Toyota Tarago.

The first generation had only one sliding side door for the rear passengers and it was introduced to the market in 1990. It featured a unique platform, where the 4-cylinder gasoline-powered engine was installed almost flat, beneath the first row of seats. All supplementary mechanisms, such as the alternator and cooling system, are accessible from the front hood. This allows for a very even front/rear weight distribution which has positive consequences for ride and handling. However, this also prevents the installation of a larger engine, while the cost could not be relayed by sharing the platform with other vehicles.

The first generation Previa was 4750 mm long and 1803 mm wide, which was longer and wider than an important tax bracket (4700 mm long and 1700 mm wide) in Japan pre-1989, so a shorter and narrower version was launched in Japan alongside it. These versions are badged as the Toyota Estima Emina and the Toyota Estima Lucida.

The first generation Previa was available in both rear- and all-wheel drive versions and powered by a 135 hp JIS (99 kW) 4-cylinder 2.4 L fuel injection engine. Available with a 4-speed automatic or 5-speed manual gearbox, this Previa also featured seven or eight seats in three rows. While both configurations have a driver and front passenger seat forward and 3 seater bench seat at the rear that splits and folds flat against walls, the 8 seat version has another 3 seater bench seat centrally while the 7 seat version has two independent swivelling "captain" chairs in the middle row.

In the United States the Previa was sold from 1991 until 1997. It was imported as-is from Europe to compete with Chrysler Corporation's wildly successful minivan Dodge Caravan and its twins Chrysler Town and Country and Plymouth Voyager. The inability to increase engine size proved a significant problem as American drivers were used to having more power and the Chrysler models were sold with available V6 engines. Starting in 1994, Toyota solved this problem by adding a supercharger, bringing the engine power up to a competitive 160 hp (119 kW). Previa's "egg-shaped" design fell behind other minivans on the market and was discontinued with the 1997 model year, being replaced by the more traditionally designed Sienna.

The first generation was still sold on the other markets until the 2000, when a new dynamically designed second generation replaced it. The second generation Previa is slightly longer (4780 mm) and narrower (1790 mm) than the first one, it is produced with passenger doors on both sides offering a place for up to six, seven or eight passengers, a front wheel drive and it shares its platform with a number of Toyota's mid-size sedans. As with the first generation, it is also sold under the Estima name on the Japanese market and in 2003 it was slightly redesigned.

Models sold on the European markets are available with both gasoline and diesel-powered 4-cylinder engines. The diesel engine is a 2.0 L with 116 hp (85 kW) and the gasoline-powered one is a 2.4 L with 156 hp (115 kW). Both models feature a 5-speed manual transmission as the part of standard equipment, while a 4-speed automatic is available as an option on gasoline-powered model.

Toyota Prius
The Toyota Prius is one of the world's first commercially mass-produced and marketed hybrid automobiles. Manufactured by Toyota, the Prius first went on sale in Japan in 1997. The car was introduced to the worldwide market in 2000 and almost 160,000 units had been produced for sale in Japan, Europe, and North America as of the end of 2003. In Latin, prius means "before" or "first". The Prius (2000 to 2003 model years) is certified as a Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (SULEV) by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). The 2004 model is certified as an Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emission Vehicle (AT-PZEV), which means it earns PZEV credits, as opposed to it being a Zero Emissions vehicle part of the time.

The car was voted 2005 European Car of the Year, after the fuel-sipping sedan picked up the corresponding Motor Trend Car of the Year title for 2004. The Prius won the North American Car of the Year award for 2004 and was nominated in 2001.

The Prius has been called a true hybrid vehicle, designed from the bottom up. Toyota's goal for the Prius was to reduce the amount of pollutants it produced and to be as energy-efficient as possible. They used several methods to try to achieve this goal, including:

1. More efficient use of the internal combustion engine (ICE), reducing gasoline consumption. The 1NZ-FXE engine uses the more efficient Atkinson cycle instead of the more common Otto cycle;
2. Two electric motor/generators, providing 50 kW (67 hp) @ 1,200 to 1,540 rpm and 400 N·m (295 ft·lbf) torque from 0 to 1,200 rpm, which significantly contribute to performance & economy;
3. 50 kW IGBT inverter controlled by a 32 bit microprocessor, which efficiently converts power between the batteries and the motor/generators.
4. Lower coefficient of drag at 0.26 (0.29 for 2000 model), reducing air resistance especially at higher speeds;
5. Lower rolling-resistance tires on the 2000 model, reducing road friction;
6. Regenerative braking, a process for recovering kinetic energy when braking or traveling down a slope and storing it as electrical energy in the traction battery for later use while reducing wear and tear on the brake pads;
7. Sealed 168 cell nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery providing 201.6 volts;
8. Continuously variable transmission — the Prius does not use a typical CVT; Toyota calls it the Power Split Device. The electric motors and gas engine are connected to a planetary gear set which is always engaged, and there is no shifting.
9. Flexible resin gas tank, reducing the amount of hydrocarbon emissions in the form of escaped gasoline vapor;
10. Vacuum flask coolant storage system that stores hot engine coolant, then reuses it to reduce warm-up time.

Touted advantages of the Prius over previous energy-efficient designs include never needing to be plugged in, as all power is ultimately delivered from the gasoline engine. This means it drives like a traditional ICE automobile, with the onboard computer taking care of shifting power to and from the engine and motors, and automatically determining when to charge the battery, as well as the most efficient use of the engine or the electric motors (or both) based on driving conditions. This also means that one can not choose to use electricity from other sources to power this vehicle; some consider this to be serious disadvantage. The Prius uses energy that would be otherwise wasted: i.e. when braking, the kinetic energy is partly recovered to recharge the battery instead of being wasted as heat and brake wear.

Toyota RAV4
The Toyota RAV4 (pronounced "rav-four") is a compact crossover SUV built and marketed by the Toyota Motor Corporation. It was introduced in Japan in 1994 and in the U.S. in 1996 to cater to consumers wanting a vehicle that had most of the benefits of SUV's, such as increased cargo room, higher visibility, and the option of four-wheel drive, along with the maneuverability and fuel economy of a smaller car. It was one of the first vehicles of this class, paving the way for other SUVs such as the Honda CR-V, the Ford Escape, and the Subaru Forester. Its name stands for "Recreational Active Vehicle, 4-wheel drive," although not all models have 4-wheel drive as this is optional in some countries.

The 2005 model of the four-door RAV4 is offered in a single trim level and comes with front-wheel drive (2WD) or all-wheel drive (AWD). All RAV4s come with 16-inch wheels, ABS, stability control, air conditioning, a height-adjustable driver seat, cruise control, a six-speaker CD stereo and power windows, mirrors and locks. Upgrade to the "L" package and you'll also get heated mirrors, a leather-wrapped steering wheel, dark tinted glass, foglights and body-color bumpers and door handles. The "L" package is also your ticket to leather upholstery and heated seats if you want them. A sport package adds a mesh grille, a hood scoop, color-keyed door handles, a roof rack, silver sport pedals, heated mirrors, gray-painted bumpers and overfenders and sport fabric seats. Other options include alloy wheels, a sunroof and keyless entry. Larger tires are also available on AWD models.

It was announced that the 2006 model will be part of a whole new generation featuring an optional V6 engine and third row seating. Starting with the 2008 model year, the RAV4 vehicles sold in North America will be produced by Toyota's new assembly plant in Woodstock, Ontario, Canada.Toyota Sequoia

The Toyota Sequoia is a full-size SUV by Toyota based on the Toyota Tundra pickup truck. The Sequoia was nominated for the North American Truck of the Year award for 2001.

The Sequoia was originally shown in automotive shows in 1999 and 2000. Engine, driveline, and some sheet metal components are shared with the Toyota Tundra.

Toyota Sienna
The Toyota Sienna is a minivan built in the United States for the North American market, and shares its platform and engines with the Toyota Camry. It replaced the Previa in model year 1998 as a more conventional front wheel drive van, and was updated for model year 2004 with a larger model.

In late 1997, Toyota discontinued its much-criticized Toyota Previa with a more conventional design, the 1998 Toyota Sienna. The Sienna was better-suited to compete with the highly-acclaimed Caravan line from Chrysler, but still lacked the size and features of the market leaders, including the redesigned Honda Odyssey which followed a year after. The first-generation Sienna was the first minivan to earn a "best pick" from the Insurance Institute For Highway Safety.

In January 2003, the second generation Sienna was shown at the Detroit Auto Show. The new Sienna offered innovative features such as the fold-flat 60/40 third-row seat, eight passenger seating, available all wheel drive, a navigation system, and a more luxurious XLE Limited model. This model is currently one of the top-selling minivans.

In July 2005, changes to the 2006 model year was announced. The front facia, side molding, and rear tailights were redesigned. The measurements for horsepower and torque were changed to SAE's new specifications. Optitron gauges were added to LE, XLE, and Limited grades. Power driver's seat memory option was also added to XLE and Limited grades. Bluetooth and power folding third row seats were also added as options. Side and curtain air bags were changed to standard for all model grades.

The United States is the Camry's biggest market, where it competes with the Honda Accord, the Nissan Altima, and the Ford Taurus. The Camry sells very well in USA, Australia and a number of Asian markets. It hasn't sold as well in Europe and Japan - many critize its design as ill-suited for European and Japanese tastes. In Japan and Asia, its main rivals are the Nissan Teana and the Honda Accord.

An upbranded luxury version of the Camry is sold under the Lexus ES 250, ES 300, and ES 330 nameplates in the United States. It is called the Windom in Japan.

The Camry underwent major redesign and upgrades in model years 1987, 1992 (1990 in Japan), 1997, and 2002.

The name comes from the English phonetic of the japanese word "kan-muri," which means "crown."

Toyota Supra
The Toyota Supra was a sports car produced by Toyota. Production began in 1979. The Supra was built and designed on the legacy of Toyota's former super sportscar, the 2000GT. It bore the common chassis code of "A".

Toyota Celica Supra Mk 1 (1979-1981) - The first generation Supra was based largely upon the Toyota Celica liftback, but was longer by 5.1 inches (doors and rear section same length as celica but rear panels differ). Most importantly, the Celica's 4-cylinder engine was replaced by an inline 6. Toyota's original plan for the Supra at this time was to make it a competitor to the very popular Datsun (now Nissan) 240Z; it, in some degree, succeded.

Toyota Celica Supra Mk 2 (1982-1986) - Though the Celica name was still used, in its second generation the Supra stood more apart from the Celica. The Mk 2, with its all-new design, quickly became a success in the US where it was well received.

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